Citadel of Qaitbay in Alexandria
The Citadel of Qaitbay in Alexandria is one of the most important fortifications not just in Alexandria but in Egypt. It stands together with the majestic catacombs as the must-see attractions in Alexandria. It was constructed by Sultan Al-Ashraf Qaitbay to defend Egypt against the Ottomans/Turks.
Sultan Al-Ashraf Qaitbay:
Qaitbay was born in 1416 in the Caucasus, in the region of the Black Sea. Due to his skills, he was bought by a slave merchant who brought him to Cairo. Sultan Barsbay of Egypt bought him and made him a member of the palace guards. Sultan Jaqmag, the successor of Barsbay freed him when he knew Qaitbay’s noble descendant. Then, he appointed him the third executive secretary. Later, Qaitbay was appointed field marshal of the entire Mamluk army. Qaitbay was entitled sultan in 1468, and ruled for about 29 years.
History of the Citadel of Qaitbay:
Qaitbay built lots of forts and citadels along the Mediterranean coast to defend Egypt against any foreign invasions. Citadel of Qaitbay in Alexandria is located on the northern tip of Pharos Island. It was constructed exactly on the site of the famous Light House of Alexandria (one of the seven ancient wonders).
Just a few years after he was appointed sultan, Qaitbay started a great project constructing some defensive strongholds along the Mediterranean coast to defend Egypt against the Ottomans/Turks. The citadel functioned the whole time along since its time of construction till the time of the British colony in 1882, then it was neglected.
Construction of the citadel started in 882 A.H/1478 AD and finished in 884 A.H/1480 AD. The citadel was well maintained due to its strategic location. Sultan Al-Guri (1501-1516) provided the citadel with different weapons and equipment. He decreed to forbid weapons to be taken out of the citadel due to the approach of the Ottomans/Turks.
Ottomans/Turks also used the citadel as a shelter as they did with almost all of the other citadels in Egypt. They maintained it with infantry, masons, carpenters, artillery, etc. The citadel fell into the hands of the French soldiers in 1797 led by Napoleon Bonaparte. Mohamed Ali Pasha (1805-1849), owner of the famous mosque at Saladin Citadel restored the citadel and maintained it with modern weapons. Then, the citadel was neglected when the British colonized Egypt in 1882.
King Faruq turned the citadel into a royal rest house. In 1925, the citadel was converted into Maritime Museum. It is a tourist spot since 1984. Now, the citadel is under the supervision of the Egyptian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities.
Explore the Citadel of Qaitbay
All tours and visits to Qaitbay Citadel are usually to the main tower of the citadel. The main tower is the most dominant structure in the complex, featuring a square design. With dimensions of 30 meters in height and 17 meters on each side. It consists of three levels, with cylindrical towers positioned at each of the four corners. These towers are equipped with strategically placed small windows, allowing archers to fire arrows in the event of an attack.
On the first floor of the Citadel of Qaitbay, you’ll find a mosque built in the Mameluke architectural style. It features four small iwans, or galleries, surrounding an open courtyard (sahn) with a marble floor. The beautifully decorated mihrab, though, doesn’t face Mecca. A curious detail explained by the fact that the architect prioritized the citadel’s military function when designing it. The mosque once had a minaret, but it has been lost over time.
The second floor of the Qaitbay Citadel is made up of several passageways, and numerous small chambers. As well ad a few larger rooms that once served different functions. Given its importance as one of Egypt’s most significant fortresses.
How to get to Qaitbay Citadel from Alexandria?
To get to Qaitbay Citadel from Alexandria, you have several options:
By Taxi:
Taxis are readily available in Alexandria. You can simply tell the driver “Qaitbay Citadel” or “Citadel of Qaitbay,” and they will take you there. The ride should take around 15-20 minutes from the city center, depending on traffic.
By Public Transport:
- Tram: Alexandria has an extensive tram system. You can take the tram towards the El Mansheya neighborhood. From there, it’s a short walk or taxi ride to the citadel.
- Bus: Several local buses go towards the Western Harbor area. Ask for a bus that goes to “Qaitbay” or “Qasr El-Qaitbay,” and the locals will guide you. Once you get off the bus, you might need to walk a bit or take a short taxi ride.
On Foot:
If you’re staying near the Corniche or in the city center, you can walk to the citadel. The walk along the Corniche offers beautiful sea views and takes about 30-45 minutes, depending on your starting point.
Private Tour
Egypt Best Vacations offer guided tours to the Citadel of Qaitbay, often as part of a larger Alexandria city tour. These tours include entrance fees, transportation and a knowledgeable tour guide. Check out our
Port Alexandria shore excursions
Tips for Visiting
- Opening Hours: The citadel are generally open daily from 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM.
- Entry Fees: Be prepared to pay a small entry fee.
- Guides: Hiring a local guide at the site can enhance your visit with detailed historical context.
- Comfortable Shoes: Wear comfortable walking shoes, as the citadel involve some stairs and uneven surfaces.
Visiting the Citadel of Qaitbay is an essential experience for anyone exploring Alexandria. This majestic fortress not only stands as a testament to Egypt’s rich maritime history but also offers breathtaking views of the Mediterranean Sea. As you wander through its ancient halls and gaze out over the bustling harbor, you can’t help but feel a deep connection to the past. Whether you’re a history buff, a photography enthusiast, or simply someone seeking to soak in the beauty and culture of Alexandria, the Citadel of Qaitbay promises a memorable and enriching adventure. So, make sure to add this iconic landmark to your itinerary and witness firsthand the grandeur of one of Egypt’s most beloved treasures.