Catacombs of Kom El-Shoqafa are located close to the Pompey’s Pillar in Alexandria. The catacombs are huge Egyptian tombs and royal cemeteries with Ptolemaic and Roman influences. Kom El-Shoqafa Catacombs are one of the largest Roman burial sites not just in Alexandria but in Egypt. These catacombs started as a private tomb for a wealthy family, then became a public cemetery. The catacombs house more than 300 tombs.
The name of Catacombs of Kom El-Shoqafa
Catacombs means underground tunnels. Kom El-Shoqafa means mound of shards because the area used to contain mounds of jars made of clay. These jars were left by those visiting the tombs, who would bring food and wine to dine during their visit and left them there.
History of the Catacombs of Kom El-Shoqafa
The Roman Catacombs of Kom El-Shoqafa is one of the best things to do in Alexandria. These catacombs were constructed between the 2nd and the 4th century AD, during the Roman era. They were considered one of the seven wonders of the Middle Ages. Scholars believe these catacombs were built for one wealthy family. However, it is unclear why the site later became a public cemetery. The Catacombs of Kom El-Shoqafa were found in 1900. A donkey accidentally fell into the tomb entrance.
Description of the Catacombs of Kom El-Shoqafa
The Catacombs of Kom El-Shoqafa are close in their design to the tombs of the Valley of the Kings in Luxor. These catacombs were cut into solid rock and consist of three levels. The third level was completely underwater but resorted lately.
The entry of the catacombs leads to a spiral stairway. This stairway was used to transport the bodies down to the middle level of the tomb by ropes. The stairway leads down into the tombs which date back to the 2nd century. Here, the catacombs have a six-pillared central shaft that opens off the vestibule. On the left is a funeral banquet hall. Friends and family of the deceased gather on stone couches. They meet there when visiting the burial. 
The Rotunda
The vestibule leads into a hall called “Rotunda”. This rotunda wall leads to the hall of Caracalla in which bones of horses and humans were found. Before the burial chamber, there is a temple-like facade. It has two columns. They feature lotus, papyrus, and acanthus leaves from ancient Egypt. These columns are supporting an architrave with a relief of the winged sun disk flanked by Horus, the falcon-headed god of protection. Huge snakes are flanking the entrance of the inner tomb.
The burial chamber has three sarcophagi. It is believed the bodies were placed into the sarcophagi from behind. A passageway runs around the outside of the burial chamber. The sarcophagi are decorated with garlands and heads of Greek gods. Amazing bas-reliefs are decorating the walls around the sarcophagi. On one wall god, Anubis of mummification mummifies the deceased. On another wall the Apis Bull is receiving an offering and goddess Isis is behind him.
Ready to Explore Alexandria’s Catacombs for Yourself?
Let Egypt Best Vacations take you there. Our Alexandria Day Trip from Cairo includes the Catacombs of Kom El-Shoqafa along with the city’s other iconic landmarks, complete with private transport and an expert local guide.
How to get to Catacombs of Kom El-Shoqafa from Alexandria?
The Catacombs of Kom El-Shoqafa are one of Alexandria’s most intriguing historical sites. Here’s a guide on how to get there from different points in Alexandria:
By Taxi
Taxis are readily available throughout the city. A ride from downtown Alexandria to the Catacombs should take around 10-15 minutes, depending on traffic. Ensure the driver knows you’re heading to “Catacombs of Kom El-Shoqafa” or “Kom El-Shoqafa.”
By Public Transportation
Microbuses are a popular and economical way to get around Alexandria. You can catch a microbus heading towards the “Mansheya” district and ask the driver to drop you near the catacombs. Alexandria’s tram system is an affordable way to travel. Take the tram line heading towards the “El-Mansheya” district. From the tram stop, you may need a short taxi ride or walk to reach the catacombs.
Private Tour
Egypt Best Vacations offers guided tours to the Catacombs of Kom El-Shoqafa. These tours are often part of a larger Alexandria city tour. These tours include entrance fees, transportation and a knowledgeable tour guide. Check out our
Tips for Visiting
- Opening Hours: The catacombs are generally open daily from 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM.
- Entry Fees: Be prepared to pay a small entry fee.
- Guides: Hiring a local guide at the site can enhance your visit with detailed historical context.
- Comfortable Shoes: Wear comfortable walking shoes, as the catacombs involve some stairs and uneven surfaces.
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the Catacombs of Kom El-Shoqafa?
They are a large underground Roman-era burial complex near Alexandria, combining Egyptian, Greek, and Roman artistic styles, with more than 300 tombs cut into the rock.
What does “Kom El-Shoqafa” mean?
It translates to “mound of shards,” a reference to the broken clay jars once left behind by visitors who brought food and wine to the tombs.
When were the catacombs built?
They date to between the 2nd and 4th centuries AD, during the Roman period in Egypt.
How were the catacombs discovered?
They were found by accident in 1900, after a donkey fell through the ground into the tomb entrance.
What are the opening hours and entry fees?
The site is generally open daily from 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM, and visitors should expect to pay a small entrance fee.
How can I get to the Catacombs of Kom El-Shoqafa from Alexandria?
You can reach the site by taxi (around 10–15 minutes from downtown), by microbus or tram toward the Mansheya/El-Mansheya area, or by joining a private guided tour that includes transportation.
Can I visit as part of a guided tour?
Yes, Egypt Best Vacations offers guided tours to the catacombs, often combined with a broader Alexandria city tour that includes entrance fees, transportation, and a knowledgeable guide.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the Catacombs of Kom El-Shoqafa are more than a historical site. They show Alexandria’s lasting legacy. They remind us of the city’s importance as a cultural and intellectual hub in the ancient world. So, be sure to add this remarkable site to your travel plans. Visit it and experience the hidden depths of Alexandria’s history firsthand.